class 10 science chapter 8 notes | CELL BIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

10^th Class Chapter - 8 CELL BIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

Chapter - 8                                                               < Chapter - 7.2

Part - 1

CELL BIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

Cytology:- The study of structure , types and organelles of cell  is called cell biology or cytology.

• It also includes the study of cell division .

Stem cells:-

• Special types of cells present in the body of multicellular organism.
• Cells play  an important role  in wounding healing .
• From zygote new organism is formed by union of male and female gamete.
• Organism is in the form of a mass cells.
• Cells are called as stem cells.
• Different types of tissues and perform different function in the body.
• Stem cells are present in the umbilical cord by which the fetus is joined to the uterus of mother.
• Cells are also present in the blastocyst stage of embryonic development
• Redbone marrow and adipose connective tissue of adult human beings.

Stem cell research:-

• Stem cell research is a revolutionary event after cloning in biotechnology
• Depending upon source, stem cells are of two types as embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells.

Embryonic Stem cells:-

• Cells of embryo undergo repeated mitotic divisions.
• Cell differentiation starts from 14^th day of conception.
• Cells of different organs like osteocytes (bone cells), hepatocytes (liver Cells) and neurons are formed due to differentiation
• 220 different types of cells in human body are formed from single type cells.
• Self multiplying ability of they are parent cells all types of human cells
• This property of stem cells is called as pleuripotency.
• Stem cells are collected well before beginning of differentiation on 14^th day i.e. 5^th -7^th day.

Adult Stem Cells:-

• It is obtained from body of adult person.
• Three main sources of stem Cells in the body of adult person
• Redbone marrow adipose connective tissue and blood.
• It can be obtained from chard blood immediate after birth

Use of blood cells:-

• Regenerative Therapy.
• Organ transplantation.
• Organ body donation.

class 10 science chapter 8 notes | CELL BIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

Organ Transplantation:-

• Due to various reasons like aging ,accidents, infections, disorders organ  in human body become less efficient or completely functionless,
• If a person gets the necessary organ under such conditions its life can be saved.
• Donor should be available for organ transplantation.
• Donor and recipient need to be paid attention during transplantation.
• Organs like liver, heart, eyes, can be donated after death only.

Organ and body Donation:-

Organ and body Donation:-

• As per traditional customs human bodies are disposed after death.
• After death for certain period organs remain functional.
• Organs can be used to save the life of other needful persons.
• Awareness about these concepts is increasing in our country and people are voluntarily donating their bodies.
• Many life of people can be saved by organ and body donation.
• Blind people can regain their vision.
• Donation of organs like liver, kidneys, heart valves, skin etc
• Social and government organization is working towards awareness about Body  donation.

To be cont...

Part - 2

10^th Class LESSON NO- 8   CELL BIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY