E-Learning SSC Science 2 Notes : Environmental Management System Notes 2020

E-Learning SSC Science 2 Notes : Environmental Management System Notes 2020: Environmental management Ecosystem:- Ecosystem  is formed by biotic factors and their interaction with each other. Each factor plays ver...

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Environmental Management System Notes 2020

Chapter - 4.0

Environmental management

Ecosystem:-

• Ecosystem is formed by biotic factors and their interaction with each other.
• Each factor plays very important role in the ecosystem.
• Herbivores - Deer, goat, sheep, cattle, horses, camels etc. feed upon producers.
• Predators – Lion and Tiger.
• Caterpillars and termites, insect are responsible for cleaning the environment

environmental

Relation between Environment and Ecosystem:-

• Physical, Chemical and biological factors affecting the living organisim in any possible way is collectively called as environment.
• Environment is the condition in surrounding.
• It includes biotic, abiotic natural and artificial factors.
• Main type are – Natural environment 

                                - Artificial environment.

• Natural environment consist of air, atmosphere, water, land, living organism.
• The science that deals with the study of interaction between biotic and abiotic factors of the environment is called as ecology.
• Environmental balance is maintained through continues operation of
•  Natural cycles like water cycle, carbon cycle, gaseous, nitrogen cycle, oxygen cycle.

 

Environmental Conservation:-

• Unnecessary and unacceptable change in the surrounding environment
  due to natural events or human activities is called as environment Pollution.
• Types of pollution:- Air, Water, sound, soil, thermal, light pollution.
• Environmental conservation has become the need of an hour.
• Radioactive Pollution:- UV and IR radiations are natural radiation.
• X-rays and atomic energy plants are artificial radiations.
• Effects of radiation are:
  1) Cancerous ulceration
  

2) Tissue in the body are destroyed.

3) Genetic changes occur.

4)  Vision is adversely affected.

 

Need of Environment Conservation:-

• Large scale participation of the people in environment conservation is required.
• Positive attitude and affection towards environmental should be inculcated among the children since childhood.       

 

Environmental Conservation Our Social Responsibility:-

• There is interrelationship between human and environment.
• Human utilized all the natural resources as much as possible.
• Human itself only can conserve and improve the quality of Nature.

 

Environmental Conservation and biodiversity:-

• Biodiversity is the richness of living organisim in nature due to presence of living organisim in nature due to presence of varieties of organisims, ecosystem  and genetic  variation within a species.
• Biodiversity occurs at three different levels.

a) Genetic diversity.
B) Species diversity .
c) Ecosystem diversity.

 

 

Classification of threatened species:-

1) Endangered Species.

2) Rare Species.

3) Vulnerable Species.

4) Indeterminate Species.

< chapter - 3.2 - Life Processes class 10 solutions 2020 

 

Life Processes class 10 solutions 2020

Chapter - 3.0

Part - 2

Life Process in Living Organisms Part – 2

Sexual Reproduction:-

Sexual reproduction always occurs with the help of two germ cells.

1 Female Gamete

2 Male Gamete are those two germ cells.

 

1 Gamete formation:- Gametes are formed by the meiosis. In meiosis, chromosome number is reduced to half Hence haploid gametes are formed.

2 Fertilization:- A diploid zygote is formed in this process by union of haploid male and female gamete.

• Embryo develops to from new individual
• Male parent and female parent are involved in this type
• Diversity in living organisms occurs due to genetic variation.
• Genetic variation help the organisms to adjust in changing environment

A – Sexual Reproduction in plants:-

• Four  floral whorls as calyx, corolla, androecium and gynoecium.
• They perform the function of reproduction.
• Androceium present – Male flower.
• Gynoecium present – Female flower. (eg. Papaya )
• Flowers having stalk – Sessile
• Androecium male whorl – stamens.

 

• Gynoecium female whorl – carpel
• Pollen grains transferred to the stigma (Pollination)
• Pollen tube carries male gametes
• Pollen tube reaches Embryo sac via style.
• Male gametes units with egg cell to from zygote.
• Two nuclei participate in this process is called double fertilization.

 

B – Sexual reproduction in Human being:-

• Men have XY Sex Chromosomes.
• Women have XX chromosomes.
• Reproductive system with specific organ develops in the body of men and women due to sex chromosomes

1) – Human male reproductive system.

2) – Human female reproductive system.

Gamete formation:-

• Sperm and ovum are formed by meiosis.
• Sperm are produced in testes of men from maturation till death
• While in female and oocytes mature every month from maturity up to the age of menopause – 45 years of age

Fertilization:-

• Formation of zygote by union of sperm and ovum is called as fertilization.
• Journey by the route of vagina – uterus – oviduct.

 

Development and Birth:-

Menstrual Cycle:-

• Female reproductive system undergo changes at puberty at the interval of every 28 – 30 days.
• These repetitive changes are called as menstrual cycle.
• It is a natural process controlled by four hormones.

Four Hormones –

• Follicle Stimulating hormone (FSH)
• Luteinizing hormone (LH)
• Estrogen
• Progesterone

 

Reproduction and Modern Technology:-

• In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)
• Surrogacy
• Sperm Bank /Semen Bank

Twins:-

• Two embryos develop simultaneously  in the same uterus.
• Thus two off springs are delivered simultaneously
• There are two types of twins
• Monozygotic  twins and dizygotic twins.

Life Processes class 10 solutions 2020

Chapter - 3.0

Life Process in Living Organisms Part – 1

Part - 1

Life Process:-

• Nutrition
• Respiration
• Excretion
• Sensation
• Response

Reproduction:-

Formation of new organisms of same species by earlier existing organisms is called as reproduction

 

Reproduction two methods:-

A ) Asexual Reproduction

B ) Sexual Reproduction

 

A ) Asexual Reproduction in unicellular organisms.

1       Binary fission:- Prokaryotes (bacteria), Protists ( Amoeba ) paramoecium, Euglena, etc. and eukaryotic cell organelle like mitochondria and chloroplast perform asexual reproduction by Binary fission.

• Simple Binary fission takes place in Amoeba because it divides in any plane due to lack of specific shape

• Paramoecium divides by transverse binary fission

• Euglena by longitudinal binary fission

2      Multiple fission:-

Asexual reproduction by multiple fission is performed by Amoeba

• Formation of pseudopodia is stop due to lack of food
• Amoeba or protest is called as cyst

3       Budding :- Asexual reproduction occurs by budding in yeast

Yeast all is called as parent cell

B ) Asexual Reproduction in Multicellular organisms.

          1 Fragmentation:-

          The body of organisms break up into many Fragments and each fragment starts to live as an independent new organisms

eg:- Spirogyra, Sycon

        2 Regeneration:- Planaria breaks up its body into two parts and there after each part regenerates remaining part of The body and new Planaria are formed This is called regenerates

 

 

3 Budding:- Hydra under Favorable conditioner an out growth is formed by repeated division of regeneration is called as bad.

 

 

4    Vegetative Propagation:-

Reproduction in Plants with the help of vegetative parts like root, stem, leaf and bud is called vegetative Reproduction

 

          5 Spore Formation :- Spores germinate in moist and warm place and new fungal colony is formed.