Chapter - 2.2 Life Processes in living Organisms – Part -1

Chapter - 2.2

Life Processes in living Organisms – Part -1

« Energy Production in Microorganisms through Anaerobic Respiration:-

• Glycolysis and fermentation are two steps of anaerobic respiration
• Glucose is incompletely oxidized and less amount of energy is obtained in this type of respiration
• Pyruvic acid produced through glycolysis is converted into other organic alcohol with the help of some enzymes this process is called as fermentation.

 « Energy from different food components:-

• Proteins are the macro molecules formed by bonding together many Amino acids.
• We get 4 kcal of energy per gram of proteins.
• Amino acids are obtained after digestion of proteins.
• Amino acids are absorbed in the body and transported to each organ and all via blood

 

• Subs formed by specific chemical bond between fatty acids and alcohol are called as lipids.
• Phospho lipids which are essential for producing plasma membrane are formed from fatty acids.
• 9 Kcal of energy per gram of lipids.

« Vitamin :-

• Vitamin  are a group of heterogeneous compounds of which, each is essential for proper operation of various processes in the body.
• Six main types of vitamins eg A,B,C,D,E and K
• A,D,E and K are fat soluble B and C are water soluble
• FADH and NADH2 are produced in the process like glycolysis and Krebs cycle.
• Vitamins like riboflavin (vitamin b2)
• Nicotinamide (vitamin B5)
• Are necessary for their production
• 65-70% water in our body
• Each cell contains 70% water
• Blood plasma contains 90% of water
• Hence , water  is an essential nutrients
• Fibers from leafy vegetables fruits ,cereals etc

« Cell Division: An Essential life Process:-

• Cell Division is very important properties of cells and living organisms

                                        Cell Division

 

1)    Mitosis                                                                 2) Meiosis

Occurs in                                                               Occurs

Somatic cells                                                        in germ cells

& Stem cells

« Mitosis:- Somatic cells and stem cells divide by mitosis

• Mitosis is completed though two main steps.
• Two steps are karyokinesis ( Nuclear Division)
• Cytokinesis ( Cytoplasmic Division )
• Karyokenesis is completed through Four steps.

a) Prophase
b) Metaphase
c) Anaphase
d) Telophase